Zhou Xingsi, Southern Liang dynasty

千字文 · Thousand Character Classic

One thousand characters, none repeated.

1000charsfull text · 250 verses
0repeatsin traditional form
993charsunique in simplified
83itemsvariants noted

Character wall

All one thousand characters, laid out in original order. Click any character to see its verse.

The text

Click a verse and the four matching characters light up on the wall. Pinyin is shown under each verse.

Seven repeated characters in simplified

The original has no repeats, but merging traditional and simplified forms creates seven groups. A trace of how scripts evolved.

云←云 / 雲

Verse 9, 156

昆←崑 / 昆

Verse 12, 159

巨←巨 / 鉅

Verse 13, 160

发←發 / 髮

Verse 26, 37

洁←潔 / 絜

Verse 41, 209

并←並 / 并

Verse 154, 234

戚←慼 / 戚

Verse 188, 205

Textual variants

Character differences between the base edition and other transmitted editions:

Expand all 83 variants
VerseBaseVariant
Verse 1天地玄黃元
Verse 8律呂調陽呂、侶
Verse 12玉出崑岡崑
Verse 17海鹹河淡醎
Verse 21始制文字製
Verse 26周發殷湯商
Verse 27坐朝問道座
Verse 28垂拱平章誰
Verse 31遐邇壹體一
Verse 33鳴鳳在樹竹
Verse 37蓋此身髮𩬊
Verse 41女慕貞絜潔、烈
Verse 44得能莫忘德
Verse 45罔談彼短佊
Verse 49墨悲絲染染
Verse 52克念作聖克、尅
Verse 53德建名立得
Verse 57禍因惡積𥢧
Verse 60寸陰是競競
Verse 62曰嚴與敬以
Verse 66夙興溫凊凊
Verse 70淵澄取映映
Verse 73篤初誠美成
Verse 79存以甘棠當
Verse 94造次弗離沸
Verse 101堅持雅操㩰、操
Verse 102好爵自縻糜
Verse 104東西二京貳
Verse 105背邙面洛邙
Verse 110畫彩仙靈彩、𢵛
Verse 112甲帳對楹𦳲
Verse 115升階納陛昇
Verse 121杜稿鍾隸稿
Verse 122漆書壁經柒
Verse 122漆書壁經碧
Verse 124路俠槐卿梜
Verse 128驅轂振纓駈
Verse 133磻溪伊尹磎
Verse 140說感武丁悅
Verse 141俊乂密勿𭃆
Verse 148韓弊煩刑形
Verse 151宣威沙漠莫
Verse 154百郡秦并併
Verse 155嶽宗恆岱泰
Verse 158雞田赤城荊
Verse 159昆池碣石混
Verse 164務茲稼穡慈
Verse 166我藝黍稷俄
Verse 168勸賞黜陟償
Verse 170史魚秉直事儀
Verse 172勞謙謹敕敕
Verse 174鑑貌辨色辨
Verse 179殆辱近恥耻、𦔺
Verse 180林皋幸即臨
Verse 180林皋幸即皋
Verse 181兩疏見機疏、踈
Verse 183索居閑處閒
Verse 184沈默寂寥寮
Verse 185求古尋論味
Verse 186散慮逍遙慮散
Verse 189渠荷的歷河
Verse 191枇杷晚翠笓笆
Verse 192梧桐早雕蚤
Verse 192梧桐早雕凋、彫
Verse 194落葉飄搖搖
Verse 197耽讀玩市玩
Verse 200屬耳垣牆牆
Verse 201具膳餐飯餐、喰
Verse 203飽飫烹宰烹
Verse 206老少異糧糧
Verse 209紈扇圓潔圓
Verse 210銀燭煒煌煒
Verse 212藍筍象床筍
Verse 212藍筍象床牀
Verse 213弦歌酒宴弦
Verse 218祭祀烝嘗蒸
Verse 221箋牒簡要箋
Verse 223骸垢想浴洛
Verse 236工顰妍笑顰
Verse 236工顰妍笑妍
Verse 238曦暉朗曜曦
Verse 238曦暉朗曜耀
Verse 239璇璣懸斡旋